What's the issue?
You have a database that is not owned by the preferred owner. If a preferred owner is not specified, the 'sa' login is considered the preferred owner (although this is not a good security practice.)
Why is this a problem?
Members of the db_owner role can create objects that execute as the owner of the database. If this database owner is a member of a role with elevated permissions (i.e. sysadmin) then members of the db_owner can easily escalate their permissions via the owner of the database.
What should you do about this?
We recommend having at least one low-permission sql login for use as the owner of user databases to reduce the changes of privilege escalation. This login should be disabled as well as denied connections.
Vulnerability
Category
What do the Vulnerability Levels mean?
0 - Information only. This is stuff you should know about your instances like version and service account used, but if you don't know it…well, now you do.
1 - High vulnerability requiring action. These are the issues that could most likely lead to your company being front page news for all the wrong reasons. If your instances have any results at this level then we recommend cancelling that 3-martini lunch and instead huddling with your team to figure out when to address these issues.
2 - High vulnerability to review. These include settings and assigned permissions you should review soon, if not immediately. These findings may not necessarily indicate a clear vulnerability, but we've found unexpected vulnerabilities in these categories at many, many clients.
3 - Potential vulnerability to review. These are configurations or assigned permissions you may be using that could lead to problems for users. Or maybe they're just required for your applications. Either way, we recommend reviewing these to make sure these are correct.
4 – Low vulnerability with recommended action. These are typically security inconsistencies that should be addressed. They aren't likely to cause problems, but you should clean up the mess.